Waste Generation Essay Example

Waste Generation Essay ‘Waste’ is a very general word, used to include anything that is no longer needed for use and is thrown away uncared. It has created and added a new problem to the environmental pollution. Pollution also creates serious problems for human health. There is remarkable growth in energy generation, fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals, production of coal etc. All these and much more is expected to increase in the years to come. For this, we need to understand different sources of waste. GENERATION OF WASTE: ITS SOURCES What is Waste? Any thing that is no longer needed for use and is thrown away uncared, is Waste. Wastes – (a) Occupy some space (wherever they are thrown), (b) produce smell and (c) have weight. Therefore, wastes are matter only. Therefore, the material, which is discarded after use, is referred to as waste. Usually the term waste is used for solid residues. Actually, waste is not only solid but also liquid and gaseous. Now it is clear that unwanted wastes contaminate air, water and soil ecosystems. Although all living beings generate waste products, in our country the population is more than 100 crore, hence we can imagine the amount of waste that is added to the surroundings. All human activities generate waste, therefore tones of waste is produced every year by various human activities. Most of the waste generated from household activities, industries, offices, hospitals and agriculture. Nevertheless, more waste is generated in urban areas than in villages. |DO YOU KNOW †¦..? | |Pollution refers to any undesirable change in our environment i. e. ir, water and soil that may adversely affect humans or other | |species. Pollutants cause the pollution. In simple words, pollutants are the wastes, which are residues of things we make use and throw| |away. | Sources of Waste Generation The sources of waste generation are many and vary from country to country and city to city. It is generated from a number of sources. The major sources are – 1. Domestic sources of waste 2 . Industrial sources of waste 3. Agricultural waste 4. Municipal waste 5. Commercial waste 6. Medical waste 7. Electronic waste 8. Hazardous waste 1. Domestic waste : We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Generation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Generation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Generation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Domestic sources of waste are commonly known as refuse. It can be classified into following categories – a) Garbage: These are the things that are used for a period and then thrown as waste. It contains fruits and vegetables peels, kitchen garbage, household rubbish, paper, plastics, glasses, broken bottles, etc. It has to be deposited properly as it breeds flies and insects. They spread various diseases. b) Rubbish: It contains paper, plastics, rubber, wood etc. c) Excreta: It contains human and animal excreta. It should be properly disposed, otherwise causes environmental pollution. ) Sullage: It is the wastewater disposed off from bathroom, latrine and kitchen. e) Ashes: When a solid fuel like coal, wood etc. is burnt, the residue left over is called ash. All these wastes are harmful for living beings, affect plant’s growth and cause diseases. These are disposed off by land filling, incineration and composting. Following table shows various human activities from whic h wastes are generated and their types of waste generated. | Various human activities | Types of waste generation | | | |Domestic wastes |Garbage and peeling of fruits and vegetables, other eatable things, paper, dust, | | |plastic etc. | | | | |Industrial wastes |Waste generated from power plant, construction sites, paper industries, textile | | |mills, cement industries etc. | | | | |Animal wastes, Plant remains and wastes from field etc. | |Agricultural wastes | | | |Garbage; dust, waste water and garbage from kitchen needles, latrine, street, | | |shops etc. |Municipal wastes | | | |Wastes from clinics, hospitals like needles, syringes and bandages. | | | | |Medical-aid-care | | 2. Industrial Wastes : Industries produce large amount of waste. The raw materials used in industries generally comes packed in containers and boxes that are discarded in large quantities. These materials do not get decomposed easily and as such remain in environment ultimately polluting it. Now we study about the wastes released from different industries. a) Iron and Steel Industry: Huge quantities of solid wastes are produced in the manufacturing of steel. This industry uses coal, lime, manganese, iron ore and water as raw materials. These wastes consist of dust, slag and sludge. Many acids are released like hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid etc. These kinds of waste products are difficult to dispose. b) Tanneries: The place where leather is made from animal skin is known as Tanneries. The wastes from tanneries cause maximum pollution amongst all the industrial wastes. c) Textile Industry: In textile mills, various fibres are used like cotton, woolen, silk, synthetic etc. For dying the fibre, a lot of water is used. When this water is released as waste, it is mixed with many chemicals. These liquid wastes from this industry pollute the environment. d) Paper and Pulp Industry: The solid wastes produced from these industries are screen dust, chips, mud from bleaching units etc. iquid wastes produced from pulp industry, which are extremely hazardous to the marine creatures. e) Thermal Plants: Thermal power plants require some fuel like coal. It is used to make steam that operates the generator. Tons of ash is left behind known as fly ash. When coal is burnt, other gases are also released along with the smoke as gaseous waste. Th ese wastes are very harmful to the environment. f) Nuclear Power Plants: The major raw materials used in the generation of nuclear power are-uranium and plutonium. Its waste remains radioactive for thousands of years. Hence, it can bring harm even to the future generations. ) Other Wastes: Besides these some industry, rubber-manufacturing industries, detergent industry, etc. produce various kinds of wastes in the environment. Oil refineries and petro-chemical plants release wastes containing mainly hydrocarbons, organic acids and inorganic sulphur compounds. |DO YOU KNOW †¦ | |Slaughter houses are the places which produce wastes like hides, skins, blood, bones, hair etc. These cause water pollution when | |released in water bodies. | 3. Agricultural Waste Agriculture is the process of cultivating the soil, harvesting crops and raising livestock. Modern agricultural techniques have increased. Agriculture includes ploughing, sowing, harvesting, threshing, winnowing, poultry farming, dairy farming, etc. a) Fertilizers: Fertilizers are used to improve the fertility of the soil. These are rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium as such enhance the growth of plants. Fertilizers can be divided into two groups- Chemical fertilizers are made of chemicals that are produced in factories. Plants use only 60% of chemical fertilizers that are added to the soil. Organic fertilizers are made from organic wastes such as animal excreta and plant wastes. These include cow dung and compost, which are bio-degradable. b) Insecticides: Insecticides are used to kill insects that destroy the crop. DDT and aldrin are common insecticide. c) Pesticides: Pesticides are used to kill pests that harm crop. They cause irritation in eyes, fatigue, dizziness etc. d) Herbicides: These are the chemicals, used to kill fungi. E. g. dithiocarbomates. e) Rodenticides: These are the chemicals used to kill rats, mice etc. E. g. non-bromide and strychnine. 4. Municipal Waste: This include garbage, rubbish etc. from offices, markets, hotels, households etc. and the street refuse like sweeping dirt, litter etc. Garbage is generally biodegradable food, wastes and rubbish non-bio-degradable solid waste. Apart from these ashes, dead animals, pipes, wires, insulations, abandoned vehicles constitute the municipal wastes. 5. Commercial Waste: Waste products generated from shops, stores, restaurants etc. are called commercial waste. For example, construction debris, chemicals from printing press, plastic cans, fibres, glasses, cement factories etc. . Medical Waste: The waste things that are generated from laboratories, hospitals etc. are medical waste. These are infectious. Every day a number of patients visit hospitals and clinics. Their treatment generates a lot of infectious waste. It includes bandages, cotton, syringes, expired medicines, plastic bottles, bags etc. All should be disposed off properly as they may be toxic. 7. Electronic Waste: Electronic waste mostly consists of electronic items like abandoned computer parts (monitor, keyboard, CD’s chips, hard disk, floppy, etc. ), mobile phones, T. V, electronic iron etc. 9. Hazardous Waste: These are the substances that cause harm to human beings, plants and the environment. It includes waste water treatment, sludges from electroplating and sludges from oil refineries, dewatered air pollution, blast furnace sludges, radioactive waste and medical waste. Hazardous waste can be divided into five main categories- a) Radioactive wastes b) Bio-medial wastes c) Non-radioactive industrial liquid wastes. The organization chart given below shows the three different types of hazardous wastes. [pic] TYPES OF WASTE Introduction Any material that is discarded after use is referred to as waste. We have learnt in the previous chapter that there exist a number of sources that generate waste. With increase in the industrialization and urbanization, the quality of waste generated is estimated to be up to one ton per family in a year, which is hazardous to living creatures and environment. In order to understand the impacts of waste accumulation in environment, one need to first understand the impacts of waste accumulation in environment, one need to first understand the types of wastes. Types of Waste A waste is a movable object that has no direct use and it is discarded permanently. In other words, ‘Waste’ is something the owner no longer wants at a given place and at a given time and has no current or perceived market value. There are potential risks to the health and environment if these wastes are not handled properly. For this purpose, it is necessary to classify them. Generally, waste is of three types- 1. Bio- degradable Waste 2. Non- biodegradable Waste 3. Toxic Waste The following Organization Chart given below shows the three different types of waste- bio-degradable, non-biodegradable and toxic wastes pic] a) Bio- degradable Waste: Bio- degradable wastes are the waste that decays and mix with the soil. They can be broken into simpler forms by the action of micro- organisms. They are very easy to be disposed off and are disposed off by composting, landfills, etc. They are animal wastes, plant debris, mineral-based products, domestic garbage etc. b) Non- biode gradable Waste: Non-biodegradable wastes are the wastes that do not break into simpler forms by the action of micro- organisms. They also do not decay and mix with the soil. It is very difficult to dispose them off.. The best way of dispose them off is to recycle them. Some examples of non- biodegradable waste are glass, plastic, metals, tin cans, DDT, insecticides, pesticides, electronic waste, mercuric salts, radioactive waste etc. c) Toxic Waste: Toxic wastes include non- biodegradable wastes. However, they are different as they are more dangerous are more difficult to dispose them off. They are the poisonous wastes which do not easily settle down and broken by biological means. It includes municipal waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste and bio-medical waste. It is also important to classify the waste depending on their physical states. Based on physical appearance, waste is of three types- 1. Solid waste 2. Liquid waste 3. Gasous waste The following organization chart given below shows the three types of waste based on physical appearance.

How To Write An Expository Essay Sample For RD Grade

How To Write An Expository Essay Sample For RD GradeAn expository essay sample for RD grade is a great way to show that you understand the history of a specific subject matter. In order to write an excellent essay, you must know what to include and in what way.When you write a perfect essay, it will be written by someone who is not just academically talented but is also knowledgeable about the subjects that are being discussed. An excellent example of an expository essay sample for RD grade is the Baseball Card exhibit. If you're attending a book fair or gathering for an education-related event, one of the best things to bring is a Baseball Card exhibit.An expository essay sample for RD grade will tell the reader how the exhibit became a national landmark and how its history is important to the sport. You should have some experience and familiarity with the exhibits because it is written about people and events that you are familiar with.The exhibit was developed by a school board re presentative and was displayed at the Louisiana State Penitentiary. Since it was introduced at the penitentiary, it has become a tourist attraction and the display is visited by school children throughout the country.An expository essay sample for RD grade will also give details about where the piece was featured in the site. If you have an exhibit in a museum, the exhibit should be written about what the museum is and how it fits into the story.An expository essay sample for RD grade will also mention the letters that are featured on the exhibit. If the exhibit was a gift to a member of the family, the letters should mention who the person is and how their name relates to the exhibit. Your essay can be as creative as you want to make it. There are many ways to show that you know about a subject and that you are familiar with what the exhibit is about. Expository essay samples for RD grade are great for a party or meeting where everyone is interested in knowing more about the exhibi t.

Women too apologetic in the boardroom - Emphasis

Women too apologetic in the boardroom Women too apologetic in the boardroom The language women use in meetings could be holding them back in business, according to new research. The study, an 18-month long examination of the speaking patterns of men and women within seven major companies, was run by applied linguistics lecturer Dr Judith Baxter. The biggest difference Dr Baxter noticed between the sexes was womens tendency to use humour, self-deprecation and apologetic language, apparently to avoid conflict. Indeed, they were found to be four times more likely to employ these techniques than men, who tended to be more direct and openly confrontational. And this could be undermining their own authority and making them look weak and defensive. [Women] have to work really hard to hit the right note with their colleagues, says Dr Baxter. I have seen a woman use all the wrong linguistic strategies, and she lost the room. This problematic habit occurs most, it seems, where women feel particularly outnumbered by men in meetings. And given that only 12.5 per cent of FTSE-100 company board members are women, the issue looks to have the makings of a vicious circle.

Handling Discipline in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Handling Discipline in Organizations - Essay Example Moreover, it is always best to follow the best practices which will play a fundamental role at inculcating the correct spirit within the employees, tell them what exactly is asked of them and what they need to deliver within the specified time periods. The best practice in handling disciplinary matters within organizations is derived from the basis of following the dictum which is followed within the organization as well as the industries which are very closely related with this organization in essence. What this means is that the similar organizations adopt procedures and standards which are enforceable and which have a long-term shelf value. In other words, there is a sense of forthrightness within the organizations when these work hand in hand with the policy debates that are making the relevant rounds. The best practice regimes indeed form the cornerstone of success and achievement within the realms of an organization that is aimed at delivering the best possible value to its employees and asking for strict promulgation of the same from their domains as well. This indeed is a two-way hierarchy where each party benefits the other, and the combined effect is a wholesome basis which comes directly under the aegis of discipline. These best practice discussions are in accordance with the labor laws which are existent within the world. However, there are local connotations attached to these practices as and when these move from one industry to another. Handling discipline is one of the most significant premises in the modern times because it touches quite a few significant tangents, one such being the manner in which the organizations are playing their due role in instilling promulgation of its laws, rules, and policies – all of which are in line with the best practice regimes followed worldwide. Then there is the discussion of the ACAS – Code of Practice on Discipline which makes sure that any apprehensions which exist within the realms of discipline are taken care of under its aegis.

Soccer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Soccer - Essay Example During normal competitions, a win results to three points whereas a draw results to one point. The basic law of this game is that only the goalkeeper should handle the ball using hands during play except in instances of a throw- in (Wingate, 2007). The players should not wear any dangerous material such as jewels whereas the goalkeeper must wear distinguishable clothing that is different from other players and match officials. Substitution of players occurs during the game and the permitted substitutions in a competitive game are three though this number may vary in friendly matches (Wingate, 2007). The reasons for substitution are injury and incompetence of a player. In addition, a coach may substitute a player in case of a tactical switch. A referee preside the game and has complete authority to impose the laws associated with the game. The referee can send a player off the field in case of any serious offence committed such as inappropriate tackling and intentional handling of the ball. A referee may punish a player’s misconduct through caution and issues a yellow card or send off by issuing a red card (Wingate, 2007). A standard match consists of two periods comprising of forty-five minutes each (Wingate, 2007). In addition, there is a fifteen minutes break amid halves. The referee who is the timekeeper may opt to give additional time to recover time lost because of attending an injured player. Conclusively, an individual must master some skills to perfect in this game such as shooting, juggling, and dribbling (Wingate, 2007). Defenders need to master the skill of

Explore how Goldings categories of thinkers build upon Platos Essay

Explore how Goldings categories of thinkers build upon Platos discussion of the soul as it journeys into the light and out of the light - Essay Example Goulding argues that detachment from the popular perception of reality takes an individual to the grade-one level of thinking, while blindly following the norms would be an attribute of grade-three thinkers. Similarly, in the ‘Allegory of the Cave’, Plato narrates that once a prisoner had been freed, he understands the reality behind the shadows. In this context, it is crucial to understand Goulding`s attribution of grades to the people. His obsession with ‘thinking’ led him to the conclusion that he himself cannot think at all. It was back in school when he observed the statuettes of his headmaster who had asked him, â€Å"Don`t you ever think at all?’. He sought inspiration from his teachers to initiate the process of thinking, which seems too complex at the time. He was even more confused when he realized that those who claimed to think themselves exhibited self destructive behavior for instance drinking, or staring at attractive women. These kinds of people are attributed as grade three thinkers, who according to Goulding are â€Å"all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudices†. He then says that grade two thinkers are self-contradictory as he observed in conversation with Ruth who was a Methodist by religion and followed all its ideals blindly. He fo und the courage to question her beliefs and bluntly ranting them out to her, thus claiming himself to have turned into a grade two thinker. It was when he met the German Professor Einstien who had fled from the Nazis that he claims to have become have understood what grade-one thinkers would be like. These people, quite rare in existence, question the norms and value the truth as opposed to perception and thus, their lives are characterized by wisdom, truth and knowledge. Also, by the end of the essay Goulding Claims that

Legalizing Voluntary Euthanasia Essay -- mercy killing physician assis

Today, voluntary euthanasia is getting closer to being legalized in more than just one state in the United States. â€Å"‘Voluntary’ euthanasia means that the act of putting the person to death is the end result of the person’s own free will† (Bender 19). â€Å" Voluntary euthanasia is an area worthy of our serious consideration, since it would allow patients who have exhausted all other reasonable options to choose death rather than continue suffering† (Bender 19). The question of whether or not voluntary euthanasia should be legalized is a major debate that has been around for years. Because the issue of whether people should have the right to choose how they want to live or die is so complex. With the advances in technology today we have made it possible to keep a person alive for longer periods of time, even when a person is permanently unconscious or has brain damage. However it seems reasonable to believe that there are many conditions in which voluntary euthanasia should be allowed, and there are many organizations that support the choice of voluntary euthanasia. So why is it that so many do not support the choice of the way a person wants to live or die? There are many common arguments people have against voluntary euthanasia. One argument against voluntary euthanasia is that â€Å"the old, disabled and incurably ill would feel they should choose voluntary euthanasia so that they were not a burden on others†¦.† (Anonymous Common 1). However there is no real evidence to show that this problem will arise if voluntary euthanasia is legalized. Another argument is â€Å"there is always a possibility of an incorrect diagnosis or the discovery of a treatment that will permit either survival or recovery† (Anonymous Objections 1). This is so... ... possible treatment. â€Å"Unfortunately, even when medical advances and excellent hospice research in palliative care, severe indignity, pain and distress cannot always be controlled† (Anonymous 5). There are many conditions that a person would have to obtain before given the opportunity to choose to die. A person would have to be suffering from a terminal illness that would unlikely benefit from the discovery of a cure for that illness. Also as a direct result of the illness, the patient has to be suffering intolerable pain. Another requirement would be that they are mentally able to make the decision and are not forced into making a decision. Legalizing voluntary euthanasia is all about having a choice. Most people today believe that everyone should be given the right to choose how they live and die. It’s not your life, if you can’t choose when to let go.